Upload Hex File to Atmega32 Avr Studio

April 12, 2022 Post a Comment

The AVRdude is excellent plan for called-for hex lawmaking into Atmel AVR microcontroller. USBasp is crawly USB based Atmel AVR programmer. In this tutorial nosotros will run into how to use AVRdude for called-for hex files into AVR microcontroller using USBasp.

AVRdude is bachelor for Windows and Linux installations. It can be downloaded from the avrdude's download portal given below.

Introduction

In lodge to program AVR microcontroller y'all need the .HEX file. It is zero but the machine code for the microcontroller. This file is generated by the AVR assembler, which converts assembly lawmaking into automobile lawmaking. Associates code can be produced past third party C cross compiler software or can exist handwritten. Typically everyone uses Atmel Studio, or Arduino environment to write programs in C language. Later compiling, these tools generate .hex file as their output.

AVRdude executables for Windows (or tar archive for linux) can exist constitute at:
All releases : http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/avrdude/ await for version 6.3
Windows exe : http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/avrdude/avrdude-6.3-mingw32.cypher

Download and excerpt this executable in a suitable binder. I have personally used usbasp and avrdude on Windows 7 and Windows 10 platforms.

NOTE 1: Make certain the path for the avrdude's binder is added to the PATH environment variable, otherwise "avrdude.exe" cannot exist accessed fron any random directory on the command prompt. Refer to this folio on how to add a path to PATH surround variable.

NOTE ii: When yous connect your USBasp hardware to the Windows 10 machine, you lot will need to download and install the drivers for the aforementioned.

Connections

– Connect the USBasp to PC.
– Connect SPI programming pins of USBasp to the AVR microcontroller. Following figure shows sample schematic diagram, if you accept different AVR, and so connect MOSI,MISO, SCK, RESET and GND pins of that uC to corresponding pins of USBasp.

USBaspandAVRconnections

– Requite +5V supply to the microcontroller.
– VIMP: If y'all are burning a fresh microcontroller, close the Slow Serial Clock jumper of USBasp. Since many brand new microcontroller are factory programmed for internal 1MHz oscillator. USBasp uses very loftier speed serial clock for faster programming. Thus yous will have to specifically tell USBasp to use slow serial clock. This setting is done past higher up mentioned jumper.

Note: If you lot take uC which has internal oscillator enabled and after the programming you are non planning to modify its fuse bits dorsum to external clock setting, then you can skip the crystal.

Executing AVRdude:

Fortunately AVRdude is control line tool, so that you tin can be very certain of what yous are doing with your uC Or Unfortunately AVRdude is command line tool, so you lot will have to spend little time to become familiar with it 🙂

Open the command prompt. (Press WinKey + R. Run dialogbox will appear. Type cmd and press enter.)
Navigate to the directory where .hex file is located. For instance:

          > cd D:\mega16_kitCD\sample code\ex01_simple_input_output\Exe > d:

fig2-navigate

If you lot have NOT added the avrdude'due south path to the organisation path, execute following command with yourpath. Otherwise skip this step.

          > set PATH=%PATH%;c:\avrdude_6_3\;

To burn the hex file enter following command. Consider for example name of my hex file is io.hex :

          > avrdude –c usbasp –p m16 –u –U flash:westward:io.hex

Y'all should see something similar this :

fig3-pgmdone

Thats all !!! It is as simple as that ! 🙂

Explanation for command

avrdude –c usbasp –p m16 –u –U flash:w:io.hex

-c : Indicates the programmer type. Since we are using the USBasp programmer, argument "usbasp" is mentioned.

-p : Processor. Nosotros are using ATmega16, hence "m16". Note ATmega16 has two variants, one is "ATmega16L" (slow speed version) and "ATmega16" normal 16MHz version. All the same their device signature is same and hence you volition have to use "m16" as parameter for both the AVRs. This applies to all AVRs having "L" variants.

-u : Disables the default beliefs of reading out the fuses three times before programming, and then verifying at the cease of programming that the fuses have not changed. E'er employ this selection. Many times information technology happens that nosotros forget to switch on the AVR'due south +5V power supply, and so at the end of programming bicycle, avrdude detects inconsistent fuses and tries to reprogram them. Since in that location is no power supply, fuses gets programmed incorrectly and unabridged microcontroller gets screwed upwardly(means becomes useless). Thus always apply this pick.

-U : memtype:op:filename[:format]

Perform a memory functioning. Multiple '-U' options can be speciﬁed in order to operate on multiple memories on the same command-line invocation.

memtype

The memtype ﬁeld speciﬁes the memory type to operate on.

calibration   One or more than bytes of RC oscillator calibration data.
eeprom       The EEPROM of the device.
efuse         The extended fuse byte.
flash          The ﬂash ROM of the device.
fuse           The fuse byte in devices that accept only a single fuse byte.
hfuse          The high fuse byte.
lfuse           The low fuse byte.
lock            The lock byte.

The op ﬁeld speciﬁes what functioning to perform:

r        read the speciﬁed device memory and write to the speciﬁed ﬁle
due west       read the speciﬁed ﬁle and write it to the speciﬁed device retentivity
five       read the speciﬁed device memory and the speciﬁed ﬁle and perform a verify performance

filename

Specify the hex file proper noun. If file is not in current directory specify file proper name with appropriate path.

format

Format demand not exist specified, for hex files, avrdude will automatically discover the format.

The fox to practise it quickly : The Batch file :

It is extremely boring to type such a long control every fourth dimension you plan the uC. Therefore to avoid this you can create something called as Batch file. It is a text file which contains series of commands which volition be executed by dos command processor. To create batch file follow these steps :

Open notepad
Blazon our avrdude command. i.e. re-create paste post-obit line into notepad.
avrdude –c usbasp –p m16 –u –U flash:due west:io.hex
Salvage the file with filename "burn.bat" and put information technology into the directory, which has the hex file.

Now whenever you recompile your programme and want to burn information technology, simply double click on fire.bat. This will execute avrdude control that we take typed in it.

Possible errors and problems

1)couldn't find usbasp:

found 5 busses
found v busses
avrdude: mistake: could not observe USB device "USBasp" with vid=0x16c0 pid=0x5dc

This happens when USBasp is not connected or not recognized by the PC. Try to connect it to different USBport. Make sure that "Self programming" jumper of USBasp is open. Always disconnect AVR from USBasp, before plugging USBasp to the PC.

2)target does not answer

found 5 busses

avrdude: error: programm enable: target doesn't answer. 1
avrdude: initialization failed, rc=-1
Double bank check connections and try once more, or utilize -F to override
this check.

avrdude done. Cheers.

Check the connections of USBasp with uC. Check the ability supply of the uC. Check whether you have continued the crystal and decoupling capacitors. If everything is fine and still you lot are getting this mistake, and so information technology indicates that either ur uC is dead or its fuse $.25 have got screwed upward.

I hope this mail service will help you to go started with AVRdude. Feedback is welcome.